A step-by-step walkthrough for disputing a debt with collectors and credit bureaus using your rights under the FDCPA and FCRA.
Under FDCPA § 1692g, send a written validation request within 30 days of the collector's first contact. The collector must stop all collection activity until they validate.
Check the response for errors: wrong balance, unauthorized fees, wrong debtor name, or time-barred debt. If documentation is incomplete or inaccurate, you have grounds to dispute.
Write a formal dispute letter identifying the specific error, the correct information, and any supporting evidence. Send it via certified mail with return receipt to both the collector and the original creditor.
If the debt appears on your credit report, file disputes with Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion simultaneously. Bureaus must investigate within 30 days. Include copies of any supporting documentation.
If the collector violated FDCPA during the dispute process — continued calling, refused to validate, or reported inaccurate information — file complaints with the CFPB and your state attorney general.